U.S. Geological Survey November 2006 vector digital data http://topochange.cr.usgs.gov/index.php The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a national inventory of significant topographic changes based on seamless multitemporal elevation data and land cover data. The National Elevation Dataset (NED) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data form a unique pair of seamless elevation datasets that can be used to detect and analyze 20th century topographic surface changes in the United States. The primary types of topographic changes resulting from human geomorphic activity include surface mining, road construction, urban development, dam construction, and landfills. The need for more comprehensive information on the nature and extent of recent human geomorphic activity led to a spatial emphasis for the first ever accounting of topographic change across the United States. Historical NED data values were subtracted from the recently collected SRTM data to determine significant topographic changes. The National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) provided land cover information at a 30-meter resolution that matched the NED and SRTM data. 1931 2000 ground condition Complete None planned -127.403979 -65.781197 51.197333 24.158520 elevation digital elevation model National Elevation Dataset NED Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM topography topographic change change detection land change landscape change anthropogenic geomorphic change land transformation surface mining road construction urban development dam construction landfill reservoir construction land surface land cover change land use change human impacts United States CONUS Any acquisition or use of these data signifies a user's agreement to comprehension and compliance of the USGS Standard Disclaimer. Ensure all portions of metadata are read and clearly understood before using these data in order to protect both user and USGS interests. Please refer to http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html for the USGS disclaimer. Although the USGS is making these data available to others who may find the data of value, USGS does not warrant, endorse, or recommend the use of these data for any given purpose. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. USGS is providing these data "as is", and USGS disclaims any and all warranties, whether expressed or implied, including (without limitation) any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will USGS be liable to you or to any third party for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages or lost profits resulting from any use or misuse of these data. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the USGS. Dean Gesch U.S. Geological Survey Research physical scientist mailing and physical address

Earth Resources Observation and Science Center

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls South Dakota 57198-0001 USA 605-594-6055 605-594-6529 gesch@usgs.gov http://topochange.cr.usgs.gov/results.php U.S. Geological Survey Unclassified Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.0.1770 National Elevation Dataset (NED) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 2.44 meters NED root mean square error (RMSE) vs. National Geodetic Survey control points (GPS on bench marks) 3.53 meters SRTM root mean square error (RMSE) vs. National Geodetic Survey control points (GPS on bench marks) U.S. Geological Survey June 2003 raster digital data Gesch, D.B., 2007, Chapter 4 - The National Elevation Dataset, in Maune, D., ed., Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual, 2nd Edition: Bethesda, Maryland, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, p. 99-118. http://ned.usgs.gov/index.asp June 2003 publication date NED U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency NASA/JPL Farr, T.G., Rosen, P.A., Caro, E.; Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S., Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf, D., 2007, The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission: Reviews of Geophysics, 45, RG2004, doi:10.1029/2005RG000183. http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/index.html February 2000 ground condition SRTM National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency NASA/JPL U.S. Geological Survey 2001 Vogelmann, J.E., Howard, S.M., Yang, L., Larson, C.R., Wylie, B.K., and van Driel, N., 2001, Completion of the 1990s National Land Cover Dataset for the conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper data and ancillary data sources: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 67, no. 6, p. 650-662. http://landcover.usgs.gov/natllandcover.php 1992 ground condition NLCD U.S. Geological Survey Vector G-polygon 8958 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.500000 45.500000 -96.000000 23.000000 0.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.000000 0.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 meters topo_change_polygons FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. AREA Area in square meters square meters PERIMETER Perimeter in meters meters NUM_PIXEL Number of 1-arc-second pixels from NED and SRTM count NED_MIN NED minimum elevation meters NED_MAX NED maximum elevation meters NED_RANGE NED range of elevations (max. elev. minus min. elev., or relief) meters NED_MEAN NED mean elevation meters NED_STDDEV NED elevation standard deviation meters NED_SUM NED sum of elevations meters SRTM_MIN SRTM minimum elevation meters SRTM_MAX SRTM maximum elevation meters SRTM_RANGE SRTM range of elevations (max. elev. minus min. elev., or relief) meters SRTM_MEAN SRTM mean elevation meters SRTM_STDDV SRTM elevation standard deviation meters SRTM_SUM SRTM sum of elevations meters DIFF_MN_EL Difference in mean elevation (SRTM minus NED) meters PCTCHNG_EL Percent change in mean elevation percent DIF_RELIEF Difference in relief (SRTM minus NED) meters PCTCHG_RLF Percent change in relief percent NLCD_CLASS Land cover class number (from NLCD) NLCD land cover class definitions http://landcover.usgs.gov/classes.php N_SLP_MIN NED minimum slope degrees N_SLP_MAX NED maximum slope degrees N_SLP_RNGE NED range of slopes (max. slope minus min. slope) degrees N_SLP_MEAN NED mean slope degrees N_SLP_STDV NED slope standard deviation degrees S_SLP_MIN SRTM minimum slope degrees S_SLP_MAX SRTM maximum slope degrees S_SLP_RNGE SRTM range of slopes (max. slope minus min. slope) degrees S_SLP_MEAN SRTM mean slope degrees S_SLP_STDV SRTM slope standard deviation degrees NED_ASP_MD NED median aspect degrees (clockwise from north) SRTM_ASPMD SRTM median aspect degrees (clockwise from north) SUM_DIFF Sum of elevation differences (SRTM minus NED) meters DIF_MN_SLP Difference in mean slope (SRTM minus NED) degrees CHNG_TYPE Topographic change type Cut Decrease in elevation (removal of material) Fill Increase in elevation (addition of material) MINE_BUFFR Proximity to surface mine Mine Mapped surface mine (majority land cover class number 32 from NLCD) http://landcover.usgs.gov/classes.php Yes Within a 500 meter buffer of another topographic change polygon that is located on a mapped mine location in the NLCD No Not within a 500 meter buffer of another topographic change polygon that is located on a mapped mine location in the NLCD RESOLUTION Resolution of the NED source data NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf 3 3 arc-seconds (approximately 90 meters) 10 10 meters 13 1/3 arc-second (approximately 10 meters) 30 30 meters PDEVICE Production device for the NED source data NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf PMETHOD Production method for the NED source data NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf S_DATE Date of the original aerial photography, survey data, or map for the NED source data NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf year (format is either YYYY or YYMM) I_DATE Inspection (production) date for the NED source data NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf year (format is either YYYY or YYMM) QUADDATE Date on which the NED source data was first processed into the NED NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf year (format: YYYYMMDD) QUADNAME Name of the USGS 7.5-minute (1:24,000-scale) topographic quadrangle map associated with the NED source data NED Data Dictionary http://ned.usgs.gov/downloads/documents/NED_DataDictionary2006.pdf text (format: place_name_ST) DIF_MD_ASP Difference in median aspect (SRTM minus NED) degrees (clockwise from north) VOLUME_M3 Volume of material removed or deposited in topographic change negative value = "cut" (decreased elevation; material removed) cubic meters positive value = "fill" (increased elevation; material deposited) cubic meters ABS_VOL_M3 Absolute value of volume of material removed or deposited in topographic change cubic meters AREA_SQ_KM Area in square kilometers square kilometers AREA_SQ_MI Area in square miles square miles AREA_ACRES Area in acres acres AREA_HECT Area in hectares hectares VOLAREA_RT Volume-area ratio Ratio of topographic change volume (cubic meters) to polygon area (square meters) This dataset contains a total of 8,958 polygons. Of this total, 3,103 polygons represent "holes" in other polygons, and these hole polygons have all attributes with a value of zero or a blank. This leaves 5,855 polygons that delineate the areas of significant topographic changes in the conterminous United States, and these polygons have valid attribute values. The number of distinct areas of topographic change is 5,263, but some of these areas cross topographic quadrangle map boundaries. The polygons that cross map boundaries were split into two (or more) adjoining polygons so that the unique attributes of the map-based DEMs could be retained and attached to the topographic change polygons. This splitting and attributing procedure resulted in 592 additional polygons, thus the total of 5,855 features in this dataset (as compared to the number of 5,263 features in the original topographic change polygon dataset). Note that the following attributes refer to each of the individual 5,855 polygons (including those split along quad map boundaries): FID, AREA, PERIMETER, RESOLUTION, PDEVICE, PMETHOD, S_DATE, I_DATE, QUADDATE, and QUADNAME. All other attributes refer to the values for the original 5,263 distinct topographic change area polygons before any splitting along quad map boundaries. Thus, for those adjoining polygons along quad map boundaries, all attributes except those listed above have the identical values as the adjacent polygon. U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative mailing and physical address

USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198-0001 USA 605-594-6151 1-800-252-4547 605-594-6933 605-594-6589 custserv@usgs.gov 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT) The above is the contact information for the USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD. This is a digital data storage and distribution center for the USGS. Downloadable Data The U.S. Geological Survey gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a USGS server and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. 9.861 20090423 Dean Gesch U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198-0001 USA 605-594-6055 gesch@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time Unclassified http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile